The Congress observed 26 January as the Independence Day between 19. Celebration of such an Independence Day was envisioned to stoke nationalistic fervour among Indian citizens, and to force the British government to consider granting independence. The Congress called on people to pledge themselves to civil disobedience and "to carry out the Congress instructions issued from time to time" until India attained complete independence.
: 203 Independence Day before Independence Īt the 1929 session of the Indian National Congress, the Purna Swaraj declaration, or "Declaration of the Independence of India" was promulgated, and 26 January was declared as Independence Day in 1930. The jubilation was tempered by the bloody partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan. The escalating political tension was capped by Independence in 1947. : 195–197 The next decade was beset with political turmoil: Indian participation in World War II, the Congress' final push for non-cooperation, and an upsurge of Muslim nationalism led by the All-India Muslim League.
: 167ĭuring the 1930s, the reform was gradually legislated by the British Congress won victories in the resulting elections. The discontent of this period crystallised into nationwide non-violent movements of non-cooperation and civil disobedience, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. : 123 The period after World War I was marked by colonial reforms such as the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, but it also witnessed the enactment of the unpopular Rowlatt Act and calls for self-rule by Indian activists. In the decades following, civic society gradually emerged across India, most notably the Indian National Congress Party, formed in 1885.
Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led the British Crown to assume direct control of India. Through overwhelming military strength, the East India Company fought and annexed local kingdoms and established themselves as the dominant force by the 18th century. Main article: Indian independence movementĮuropean traders had established outposts in the Indian subcontinent by the 17th century. Independence Day is observed throughout India with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades and cultural events. The entire event is broadcast by Doordarshan, India's national broadcaster, and usually begins with the shehnai music of Ustad Bismillah Khan. On each subsequent Independence Day, the incumbent Prime Minister customarily raises the flag and gives an address to the nation. On 15 August 1947, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which British India was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to religious violence. India attained independence following the Independence Movement noted for largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.
India retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to a republic, when the nation adopted the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950 (celebrated as Indian Republic Day) and replaced the dominion prefix, Dominion of India, with the enactment of the sovereign law Constitution of India. Independence Day is celebrated annually on 15 August as a national holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, the day when the provisions of the 1947 Indian Independence Act, which transferred legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly, came into effect.
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